中华急诊医学杂志  2015, Vol. 24 Issue (10): 1122-1125
髓系细胞触发受体-1对大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡的影响
党胜春, 冯舒, 刘彬, 陈志明, 王平江, 顾敏, 张建新     
212001 江苏省镇江,江苏大学附属医院普外科(党胜春、冯舒、刘彬、陈志明、王平江、张建新);
江苏省镇江市中西医结合医院(顾敏)
摘要目的 探讨髓系细胞触发受体-l(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1,TREM-1)的表达对大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡的影响。 方法 体外培养肠巨噬细胞,实验3分组,每组6孔:对照组、LPS组及LPS+ LP17组。加入药物LPS(1 mg/L)和LP17(0.1 mg/L),培养6 h后用TUNEL试剂盒及流式细胞仪对大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡进行检测,利用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 细胞生长状态良好,分布均匀,细胞活力约为80%~85 %,CD14免疫荧光鉴定证实为肠巨噬细胞。经药物处理后,TUNEL检测细胞凋亡情况:LPS组(44.33±7.74)%较对照组(19.17±6.01)%明显增多(P=0.000),LPS+LP17组(28.33±6.53)%的凋亡细胞比LPS组(44.33±7.74)%明显减少(P=0.004),对照组(19.17±6.01)与LPS+LP17组(28.33±6.53)%的凋亡细胞差异无统计学意义(P=0.050)。采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况:LPS组(16.47±1.66)%较对照组(7.70±1.52)%明显增多(P=0.000),LPS+LP17组(11.47±3.12)%的凋亡细胞比LPS组(16.47±1.66)%明显减少(P=0.018),对照组(7.70±1.52)%与LPS+LP17组(11.47±3.12)%的凋亡细胞差异无统计学意义(P=0.061)。 结论 LP17能抑制肠巨噬细胞TREM-1的表达,减少肠巨噬细胞凋亡。
关键词肠巨噬细胞     髓系细胞触发受体-1     凋亡     脂多糖     LP17肽     肠黏膜屏障     TUNEL一步法     流式细胞    
Effect of TREM-l expression on the apoptosis of intestinal macrophages of rats
Dang Shengchun,Feng Shu, Liu Bin, Chen Zhiming,Wang Pingjiang,Gu Min,Zhang Jianxin     
Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212001 China.
Corresponding author: Zhang Jianxin,Email: zhangjx@ujs.edu.cn
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of triggering receptor expression in myeloid cells-1(TREM-1)on intestinal macrophage apoptosis in rat. Methods In vitro, the achieved rat intestinal macrophages were divided into 3 groups: control group, LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) group and LPS + LP17 group (n=6 holes of culture plate in each). The concentrations of LPS and LP17 were 1 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The intestinal macrophage apoptosis was measured by using TUNEL kit and flow cytometry after culture for 6 h. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results The shape and growth of rat intestinal macrophages were quite favorable after culture. The membrane marker of intestinal macrophages, CD14 was clearly observed under immunofluorescence. After macrophage was treated with specific procedure, the cell apoptosis found in LPS group (44.33 ± 7.74)% was significantly higher than that in control group (19.17± 6.01) %(P=0.000) measured by TUNEL; the cell apoptosis in LPS + LP17 group (28.33 ± 6.53)% apparently reduced compared with LPS group (44.33±7.74) %(P = 0.004); there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis between control group (19.17 ± 6.01)% and LPS+LP17 group (28.33± 6.53)% (P=0.050). By flow cytometry, the apoptotic cells in LPS group (16.47±1.66)% was significantly increased compared with control group (7.70±1.52) % (P=0.000); apoptotic cells in LPS+LP17 group (11.47±3.12) % was significantly reduced in comparison with LPS group (16.47±1.66) % (P= 0.018). There was no significant difference in apoptotic cells between control group (7.70±1.52)% and LPS + LP17 group (11.47±3.12) % (P = 0.061). Conclusion LP17 can inhibit TREM-1 expression in intestinal macrophages and reduce intestinal macrophage apoptosis.
Key words: Intestinal macrophages      Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1     Apoptosis     Lipopolysaccharides     LP17     Intestinal mucosa barrier     one-step TUNEL     Flow cytometry    

肠黏膜屏障是机体屏障系统的重要组成部分,多种因素如炎症介质、氧化应激、微循环障碍及缺血-再灌注损伤等可导致肠黏膜屏障损害[1, 2]。一旦黏膜屏障被破坏,黏膜下层组织将暴露在肠腔复杂的抗原之中,启动免疫反应,从而产生大量细胞因子,进一步加重肠黏膜损害[3]。Shimizu等[4]研究发现休克可导致肠黏膜破坏,引起菌群移位,使肠腔内菌群产生内毒素。

肠巨噬细胞主要分布在肠黏膜下的固有层中,其总数占人体组织中巨噬细胞的绝大部分,对维持肠屏障功能具有重要作用,其活化可以产生大量TNF-α、IL-6等炎症介质,形成级联反应,导致细胞功能障碍,引起肠屏障功能障碍(intestinal barrier dysfunction,IBD)[5]。髓系细胞触发受体-l(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells,TREM-1)主要在中性粒细胞和单核巨噬细胞上表达,能诱导中性粒细胞和单核细胞分泌TNF-α等促炎因子[6, 7, 8],而TREM-1刺激巨噬细胞比中性粒细胞能更有效地产生促炎细胞因子。本文拟通过体外细胞实验,探讨TREM-1的表达对大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡的影响,进一步明确肠巨噬细胞在IBD中可能作用。

1 材料与方法 1.1 实验试剂和材料

SD健康大鼠,质量200~250 g,由扬州大学实验动物中心提供;RPMI1640培养基、FBS、Penicillin和Streptomycin购自Hyclone公司(USA);等渗细胞分离液(Percoll solution)、胶原酶IV购自Worthington公司(USA)。台式离心机购自北京百晶生物技术有限公司,倒置显微镜购自Olympus公司(Japan),荧光显微镜购自Leica公司(Germany),流式细胞仪购自BD公司(USA)

1.2 实验方法 1.2.1 大鼠肠巨噬细胞分离培养与鉴定

大鼠以0.3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,无菌解剖,迅速取全肠。用预冷PBS(pH=7.4)液冲洗肠腔,纵向剖开,置于含1 g/L EDTA的Hanks平衡盐溶液中,37 ℃水浴振荡60 min。弃上清液,用5 g/L胶原酶IV消化2 h,所得细胞悬液400目筛网过滤。再以Hanks液洗涤,重悬于500 g/L等渗细胞分离液,4 ℃2 000 r/min离心15 min,收集细胞沉淀即为肠巨噬细胞,以无钙、镁Hanks液洗涤3遍,用台盼蓝染色,细胞活力约为85%。计数肠巨噬细胞,以RPMI1640培养基(10%FBS,100 U/mL Penicillin;100 U/mL Streptomycin)调细胞浓度至5×l05L-1接种于6孔培养板和96孔培养板中,每孔分别为2 mL和200 μL,置于37 ℃5% CO2培养箱中培养。

将肠巨噬细胞接种于24孔板中,让其贴壁生长;待细胞生长状态良好后,移除培养基,PBS清洗2次,每次10 min;加1 mL预冷甲醇固定,37 ℃孵育20 min;用1 mL PBS 清洗3次,每次5 min;用1 mL PBS液在4 ℃下处理细胞10 min;移除PBS液,室温下用PBS清洗细胞5 min;加1 mL PBS液,37 ℃下处理细胞30 min;加一抗(CD14,1∶ 300稀释),4 ℃下孵育过夜;移除一抗,用PBS清洗5 min;加二抗,37 ℃孵育1 h;用PBS洗涤3次,每次洗5 min;封片,于荧光显微镜下观察并拍照,阳性信号为绿色荧光。

1.2.2 大鼠肠巨噬细胞分组

大鼠肠巨噬细胞置于96孔板中培养,每200 μL培养液;设3组,每组6孔。对照组:未加LPS和LP17;LPS组;LPS+ LP17组。加入药物LPS和LP17,给药浓度:LPS(1 mg/L),LP17(0.1 mg/L),培养6 h后用TUNEL试剂盒及流式细胞仪对大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡进行检测。

1.2.3 TUNEL一步法检测大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡情况

把准备好的细胞涂片或爬片自然晾干。把晾干的样本浸入固定液,室温(15~25 ℃)固定15~60 min。按照说明书操作,荧光显微镜下观察,使用的激发波长范围为450~500 nm,发射波长范围为515~565 nm(绿色荧光)。

1.2.4 流式细胞仪检测大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡

将各组的巨噬细胞经细胞刮棒刮下后,收集至离心管中,1 000 r/min离心5 min,弃去培养液;2 mL PBS洗涤1次;离心去PBS,加入冰预冷的70%的乙醇固定,4 ℃,1~2 h;离心弃去固定液,3 mL PBS重悬5 min;400目的筛网过滤1次,1 000 r/min离心5 min,弃去PBS;用1 mL PI染液(100 U/mL)染色,4 ℃避光30 min;流式细胞仪检测:PI用氩离子激发荧光,激光光波波长为488 nm,发射光波波长大于630 nm,产生红色荧光分析PI荧光强度的直方图。

1.3 统计学方法

利用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两两比较采用t检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 大鼠肠巨噬细胞分离培养及鉴定

细胞生长状态良好,分布均匀,细胞活力约为80%~85 %,大鼠肠巨噬细胞CD14免疫荧光鉴定证实为肠巨噬细胞。

2.2 TUNEL检测大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡

经药物处理后,TUNEL检测肠巨噬细胞的凋亡情况:LPS组(44.33±7.74)%较对照组(19.17±6.01)%明显增多(P=0.000),LPS+LP17组(28.33±6.53)%的凋亡细胞比LPS组(44.33±7.74)%明显减少(P=0.004),对照组(19.17±6.01%)与LPS+LP17组(28.33±6.53)%的凋亡细胞差异无统计学意义(P=0.050)。

2.3 流式细胞仪检测受试细胞的凋亡

经药物处理后,分析细胞的凋亡情况:LPS组(16.47±1.66)%较对照组(7.70±1.52)%明显增多(P=0.000),LPS+LP17组(11.47±3.12)%的凋亡细胞比LPS组(16.47±1.66)%明显减少(P=0.018),对照组(7.70±1.52)%与LPS+LP17组(11.47±3.12)%的凋亡细胞差异无统计学意义(P=0.061),见图 1

图 1 流式细胞仪检测大鼠肠巨噬细胞凋亡 Fig 1 Rat intestinal macrophage apoptosis by flow cytometry
3 讨论

TREM-1是近年来发现的一种细胞表面分子,其在人类中性粒细胞和成熟单核细胞中已经被确认[9]。TREM-1为免疫球蛋白超家族成员,是主要表达于中性粒细胞和单核细胞表面的单次跨膜受体蛋白,与配体结合后激活TREM-1信号通路,在炎症级联放大反应和脓毒症发生发展中起重要作用[10, 11]。巨噬细胞具有吞噬细菌及内毒素和递呈抗原的作用。炎症发生时,LPS能诱导TREM-1在中性粒细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞中的表达,使其激活上调可触发多种炎症相关细胞因子如TNF-α、IL-6,诱导中性粒细胞脱颗粒和单核巨噬细胞吞噬作用,从而放大炎症反应[9, 12, 13]

LP17多肽能减弱甚至可以阻断TREM-1信号通路的激活,抑制炎症因子过度表达,调节炎症反应[14]。用LPS刺激小鼠脓毒症模型,给小鼠注射LP17具有保护作用,且其保护作用与LP17呈剂量相关性,说明LP17可能有治疗脓毒症作用[15]。在重症急性胰腺炎诱导多器官损伤模型中可以检测到TREM-1的显著增高,LP17则可有效降低TREM-1的表达,减轻炎症因子的释放,从而减轻多器官损伤[16, 17, 18]。使用LP17调节TREM-1通路可以减轻脓胸大鼠的胸腔积液和全身性炎症反应[19]

本研究通过TREM-1阻滞剂LP17及LPS处理肠巨噬细胞可以减少细胞凋亡,利用LP17阻断TREM-1信号转导可减轻肠黏膜损害,有望成为治疗IBD的新靶点。

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