Scopus是全世界最大的摘要和引文数据库,涵盖全学科,特别是医学、社科、生命科学等领域的收录更为全面。至今,数据库收录了全球5 000多家出版商出版的22 000多种期刊,包括105个国家的40种语言的期刊,其中中文核心期刊近600种。数据库收录的引文可全面回溯到1970年。根据不同的需求,可在数据库中进行文献检索、专利检索、机构检索和作者检索,比如针对机构,可统计各机构的文献信息(总发文量,总被引次数)、主要作者、各领域发文占比、期刊来源等信息,以了解机构发文情况和机构优势学科。
急诊医学自上世纪70年代以来得到了快速的发展,但至今尚存在很多问题需要进一步的研究探讨。Scopus收录了比Web of Science更广泛的文献,笔者通过检索Scopus数据库收录的急诊医学文献分析急诊医学top50文献的特点,以了解急诊医学发展现状。
1 资料与方法在Scopus网站上(https://www.scopus.com),笔者按照关键词“Emergency Medicine”限定“journals”检索,进一步限定期刊为Web of Science里的emergency medicine系列下的期刊或杂志名称中明确含有emergency medicine的期刊。检索日期为2020年6月20日。按照引文情况Excel导出施引文献数排在前50位(top50)的文献,收集这些文献的施引文献数、第一作者、第一作者的机构、出版年、来源出版物和文献类型等信息,以分析急诊医学top50文献的第一作者、国家和地区分布、机构分布、发表年份、来源出版物和文献类型等情况,并通过科睿唯安Journal of Citation Report记录这些期刊2019年影响因子(impact factor, IF)。
2 结果按照检索条件,笔者从Scopus数据库共检索到文献88 494条,导出施引文献数位列前50的文献,见表 1。这些top50文献被引频次最多的是926次,是由Nolan等[1]发表于2015年的《欧洲复苏委员会的指南中的大纲要领内容》“European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1. Executive summary”,被引频次第50位的是399次,由Litovitz等[2]发表于2004年的《2003年美国毒物控制中心协会有毒接触监测系统年度报告》“2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System”。Top50文献发表年份最早的是1986年,来自美国Alvarado等[3]发表的《急性阑尾炎早期诊断的实用评分》“A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis”,被引频次是769次,位列top50文献的第9位。
序号 | 被引 频次 |
第一作者 | 标题 | 年份 | 国家 |
1 | 926 | Nolan JP | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1. Executive summary | 2010 | UK |
2 | 870 | Peberdy MA | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: A report of 14 720 cardiac arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | 2003 | USA |
3 | 827 | Gilbert EH | Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: Where are the methods? | 1996 | USA |
4 | 822 | Berdowski J | Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: Systematic review of 67 prospective studies | 2010 | Netherlands |
5 | 813 | Deakin CD | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 4. Adult advanced life support | 2010 | UK |
6 | 797 | Bijur PE | Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain | 2001 | USA |
7 | 793 | Larsen MP | Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A graphic model | 1993 | USA |
8 | 782 | Hoot NR | Systematic review of emergency department crowding: causes, effects, and solutions | 2008 | USA |
9 | 769 | Alvarado A | A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis | 1986 | USA |
10 | 736 | Todd KH | Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity | 1996 | USA |
11 | 723 | Eisenberg MS | Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: A tale of 29 cities | 1990 | USA |
12 | 718 | Nolan JP | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005: Section 4. Adult advanced life support | 2005 | UK |
13 | 674 | Derlet RW | Overcrowding in the nation's emergency departments: Complex causes and disturbing effects | 2000 | USA |
14 | 660 | Ericsson KA | Deliberate practice and acquisition of expert performance: A general overview | 2008 | USA |
15 | 658 | Sunde K | Implementation of a standardised treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | 2007 | Norway |
16 | 638 | Soar J | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Section 3. Adult advanced life support. | 2015 | UK |
17 | 635 | Bernstein SL | The effect of emergency department crowding on clinically oriented outcomes | 2009 | USA |
18 | 620 | Aminzadeh F | Older adults in the emergency department: A systematic review of patterns of use, adverse outcomes, and effectiveness of interventions | 2002 | Canada |
19 | 617 | Nolan JP | Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication. A Scientific Statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care the Council on Clinical Cardiology | 2008 | UK |
20 | 586 | Gallagher EJ | Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale | 2001 | USA |
21 | 548 | Bar-Or D | A novel assay for cobalt-albumin binding and its potential as a marker for myocardial ischemia - A preliminary report | 2000 | USA |
22 | 540 | Mann CJ | Observational research methods. Research design II: Cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies | 2003 | UK |
23 | 535 | Jacobs I | Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: Update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries. A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the international liaison committee on resuscitation | 2004 | USA |
24 | 524 | Atwood C | Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe | 2005 | USA |
25 | 513 | Becker LB | Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area - where are the survivors? | 1991 | USA |
26 | 490 | Asplin BR | A conceptual model of emergency department crowding | 2003 | USA |
27 | 485 | Perkins GD | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. | 2015 | UK |
28 | 476 | Trzeciak S | Emergency department overcrowding in the United States: An emerging threat to patient safety and public health | 2003 | USA |
29 | 472 | Edelson DP | Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest | 2006 | USA |
30 | 464 | Kelly AM | The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain | 2001 | Australia |
31 | 453 | Wright RO | Methemoglobinemia: Etiology, pharmacology, and clinical management | 1999 | USA |
32 | 452 | Bijur PE | Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department | 2003 | USA |
33 | 448 | Nolan JP | European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines for Post-resuscitation Care 2015. Section 5 of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. | 2015 | UK |
34 | 446 | Okumura T | Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack | 1996 | Japan |
35 | 442 | Shapiro NI | Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in emergency department patients with infection | 2005 | USA |
36 | 442 | Katz SH | Misplaced endotracheal tubes by paramedics in an urban emergency medical services system | 2001 | USA |
37 | 437 | Stiell IG | A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries | 1992 | USA |
38 | 434 | Croskerry P | Achieving quality in clinical decision making: Cognitive strategies and detection of bias | 2002 | Canada |
39 | 426 | Trzeciak S | Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: Relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and survival | 2007 | USA |
40 | 425 | Wright DW | ProTECT: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury | 2007 | USA |
41 | 422 | Watson WA | 2004 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System | 2005 | USA |
42 | 421 | Nolan JP | Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. An advisory statement by the Advanced Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation | 2003 | UK |
43 | 420 | Koster RW | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators | 2010 | Netherlands |
44 | 417 | Monsieurs KG | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Section 1. Executive summary | 2015 | Belgium |
45 | 416 | Kelly AM | Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? | 1998 | Australia |
46 | 414 | Derlet RW | Frequent overcrowding in U.S. Emergency departments | 2001 | USA |
47 | 410 | None | Emergency Ultrasound Guidelines | 2009 | Unavailable |
48 | 409 | Truhlar A | European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances | 2015 | Czech Republic |
49 | 408 | Todd KH | Ethnicity and analgesic practice | 2000 | USA |
50 | 399 | Watson WA | 2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System | 2004 | USA |
Top50文献发表年份分布于1986—2015年间主要集中发表在2000-2009年间,共有文献31篇;1999年前发表的文献10篇;2010—2015年发表的文献9篇。发表top50文献最多的年份是2003年,有6篇,其次是2001和2015年各有5篇,2005和2010年各4篇,其余见表 1。
Top50文献总被引频次最高的是2003年达到3 253次,其次依次为2010年2 982次,2001年2 703次,2015年2 397次,2005年2 106次,2008年2 061次,1996年2 009次,其余见表 1。
Top50文献主要集中发表于6种SCI收录的急诊医学期刊。发表top50文献最多的期刊是Annals of Emergency Medicine(Q1区,1/31,IF =5.799),有20篇,总被引频次达11 402次;紧随其后的是Resuscitation(Q1区,2/31,IF =4.215),有17篇,总被引频次达10 193次;Academic Emergency Medicine(Q2区,8/31,IF =3.064)有7篇,总被引频次3 808次;Emergency Medicine Journal(Q2区,9/31,IF =2.491)有3篇,总被引频次1 080次;American Journal of Emergency Medicine(Q2区,13/31, IF =1.911)有2篇,总被引频次824次;Journal of Emergency Medicine(Q3区,22/31,IF =1.224)有1篇,总被引频次548次。
发表top50文献最多的国家是美国,有30篇,其次是英国,有9篇,荷兰、加拿大和澳大利亚各2篇,挪威、日本、比利时、捷克斯洛伐克各1篇,另有1篇top文献未列出作者和单位。发表top50文献排名前七的机构是英国Royal United Hospital(5篇,总被引频次3 225次)、美国Albert Einstein College of Medicine(4篇,总被引频次2 470次)、美国University of Washington(2篇,总被引频次1 247次)、美国Emory University School of Medicine(2篇,总被引频次1 144次)、美国University of California(2篇,总被引频次1 088次)、美国University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey(2篇,总被引频次902次)和澳大利亚Western Hospital(2篇,总被引频次880次)。
Top50文献里有7位作者作为第一作者发表2篇以上文献,有5位来自美国,另2位分别来自英国和澳大利亚。来自英国Royal United Hospital的Nolan JP作为第一作者发表了5篇top50的文献,来自美国Albert Einstein College of Medicine的Bijur PE、美国University of Washington的Eisenberg MS、美国University of California的Derlet RW、澳大利亚Western Hospital的Kelly AM、美国Emory University的Todd KH和美国University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey的Trzeciak S分别作为第一作者发表了2篇top50的文献。
Top50文献的文章类型主要是论文(article)41篇,其次是综述5篇,会议论文3篇,述评1篇。
3 讨论本研究中,笔者通过Scopus检索到top50急诊医学文献中有40篇是article,综述5篇,而40篇article中,有10篇是指南。笔者认为急诊医学作为一门新兴学科,急诊医学工作者更需要有循证医学指南来指导实际工作,因此指南的发表更能得到急诊医学工作者的关注。欧洲复苏委员会分别在2005年、2010年和2015年制定的9篇复苏指南均列于top50文献里,而位于top50文献首位的即是欧洲复苏委员会发布于2010年的指南的行动纲要。Top50文献里涉及心肺复苏主题有11篇、疼痛评分7篇,急诊室就诊情况6篇,其他还有中毒检测、急性阑尾炎、气管插管、急性踝关节损伤的影像学评估原则等内容。本研究检索到心肺复苏是急诊医学研究极其重要的内容之一,这一结果与胡建等[4]得出的结果一致。
笔者也发现top50文献主要分布在6种SCI收录的急诊医学期刊中,这些期刊影响因子位于急诊医学系列Q1到Q3不等的区间,但是大部分高被引文献来源于Q1和Q2区的5种急诊医学期刊(Annals of Emergency Medicine,Resuscitation,Academic Emergency Medicine,Emergency Medicine Journal和American Journal of Emergency Medicine),占比98%。而且期刊影响因子越高,发表top50文献的数量越多,总被引频次也越高。同时也发现top50文献来源的国家主要是美国和英国,分别占比60%和18%。美国作为科技最发达的国家,对医学有一定的影响力,当地作者在本国期刊发表文献,引用本国作者发表的文献;美国以外的作者基于美国医学的影响也倾向于引用美国作者发表的文献,这也是美英发达国家医学文献被引较多的原因[5]。我国急诊医学经过三十余年的发展,已从一个“边缘学科”逐渐发展为临床医学的重要科室之一。中国大陆急诊医生SCI发文量从2006年的33篇增加到2010年的182篇,增加4.51倍[6],但是与国外急诊医学相比,影响力还是存在一定的差距,在top50文献里尚未见中国急诊医学学者的成果。
World Journal of Emergency Medicine创刊于2010年,主要刊登国内外急诊医学、心血管、外科等相关学科急危重症的基础和临床科研新成果、新进展、新经验等。该杂志在2018年进入SCI数据库,2019年公布的首发影响因子为1.437,即进入急诊医学系列期刊Q3区;最新2020年公布的2019年科睿唯安影响因子为1.743,进入急诊医学系列期刊Q2区。该杂志发展势头良好,也为中国急诊医学开辟了一条更广泛的国际交流渠道,加强了中国急诊医学工作者的国际话语权。希望中国急诊医学工作者借助这个学术交流平台,积极响应习总书记提出的“广大科技工作者要把论文写在祖国的大地上”的号召,把中国急诊医学发扬壮大。
利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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