中华急诊医学杂志  2016, Vol. 25 Issue (7): 937-943
降钙素原对脓毒症患者病情及预后的临床价值
赵倩, 谢月群, 张涛, 赵光举, 洪广亮, 李萌芳, 吴斌, 支绍册, 邱俏檬, 卢中秋     
325000 浙江省 温州 ,温州医科大学附属第一医院急诊医学中心
摘要目的 探讨降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)对脓毒症患者病情及预后的临床价值,及其与急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ评分(APACHEⅡ评分)的相关性。 方法 回顾性分析2013年1月1日至2014年12月31日收住本院急诊科(包括普通病房及急诊重症监护室EICU)、感染科的109例脓毒症患者的临床资料(包括入院24 h内PCT值、白细胞计数WBC及中性粒细胞百分比Neut%、APACHEⅡ评分等)。据患者病情严重程度(脓毒血症组、严重脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组)、临床结局(存活组和死亡组)及多器官功能障碍综合征MODS(MODS组和非MODS组)不同进行分组,比较各组中各指标差异,分析PCT与APACHEⅡ评分两者之间的相关性,评价PCT、APACHEⅡ评分和APACHEⅡ评分+PCT在评估患者预后及多器官功能障碍综合征中的价值,及分析PCT对脓毒症患者预后的独立效应及脓毒症患者预后的影响因素。 结果 脓毒血症组中PCT值、APACHEⅡ评分均低于严重脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组,严重脓毒症组均低于脓毒性休克组,三组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脓毒血症组中WBC明显低于脓毒性休克组(P<0.05)。死亡组较存活组中的APACHEⅡ评分显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而PCT值、WBC、Neut%在两组间则差异无统计学意义。非MODS组中APACHEⅡ评分、WBC、Neut%、PCT值均显著低于MODS组(均P<0.05)。PCT与APACHEⅡ评分之间呈显著正相关关系(rs=0.403,P<0.01)。通过绘制PCT、APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT三者的受试者工作曲线(ROC)来评估脓毒症患者预后情况,得出三者的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.617、0.899、0.917,而APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT的预后评估价值均较PCT高(均P<0.01),且PCT、APACHEⅡ评分的截断值(cut-off)、灵敏度、特异度分别为(3.40 ng/mL、88.24%、38.04%)和(20分、94.12%、81.52%)。同样PCT、APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT三者评估脓毒症患者多器官功能障碍综合征的AUC分别为0.824、0.796、0.871,PCT分别与APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT间差异无统计学意义,且PCT、APACHEⅡ评分的截断值、灵敏度、特异度分别为(7.26 ng/mL、88.24%、63.79%)和(17分、64.71%、87.93%)。PCT对脓毒症患者预后的COR、AOR分别为1.008、1.014,性别与APACHEⅡ评分是影响脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素。 结论 PCT值、APACHEⅡ评分能评估脓毒症患者病情,三者间均呈正相关关系。APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT较PCT能更好评估患者预后,且PCT不能作为预后评估的独立指标;而PCT、APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对脓毒症患者多器官功能障碍综合征的评估效能均较好。PCT研究需考虑混杂因素,性别与APACHEⅡ评分是脓毒症患者预后的两个独立危险因素。
关键词脓毒症     降钙素原     急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ     病情严重程度     预后    
The clinicalvalue of procalcitoninin the condition and prognosis of patients with sepsis
Zhao Qian, Xie Yuequn, Zhang Tao, Zhao Guangju, Hong Guangliang, Li Mengfang, Wu Bin, Zhi Shaoce, Qiu Qiaomeng, Lu Zhongqiu     
Emergency Department,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325000,China
Corresponding author: Lu Zhongqiu,Email:lzq640815@163.com
Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical value of procalcitonin(PCT) in the disease severity and prognosis of patients with sepsis, and the relationship between PCT and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱscore (APACHEⅡscore). Methods Clinical data(including the value of PCT, the count of the white blood cell WBC and the percent of neutrophils percentage Neut%, APACHEⅡ score, et al, within 24 hours after admission)of 109 sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department (including the general ward and emergency intensive care unit EICU) and infections department of our hospital from January 1st 2013 to December 31st 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into several groups according to the patients condition(the sepsis group, the severe sepsis group and the septic shock group), the clinical outcomes(the survival group and the dead group), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome MODS(the MODS group and the non-MODS group), comparing the differences of all markers in each group;to analyze the correlation between PCT and APACHEⅡ score;to assess the value of PCT, APACHEⅡ score and APACHEⅡ score+PCT for prognosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of patients with sepsis;to have a understanding of the independent effect of PCT on the prognosis andthe factors of prognosis in patients with sepsis. Results The value of PCT, APACHEⅡ score in sepsis group was lower than the severe sepsis group and the septic shock group, also the severe sepsis was lower than the septic shock group, and each group was significantly different(P<0.05).Compared with the septic shock group, the count of WBC of sepsis group was significantly lower(P<0.05). Also the dead group compared with the survival group, the APACHEⅡ score was significantly increased(P<0.01), but the values of PCT, WBC, Neut% were not significantly different. The values of APACHEⅡ score, WBC, Neut%, PCT in the non-MDOS group were significantly lower than those in the MODS group(all P<0.05).The relationship between the values of PCT and APACHEⅡ score was significantly correlated(rs=0.403,P<0.01).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) for evaluating the prognosis, the area under curve (AUC) of PCT, APACHEⅡ score and the PCT+APACHEⅡ score respectively were 0.617, 0.899, 0.917, and the last two were significantly better(all P<0.01), also the cut-off, sensitivity and specificity of PCT, APACHEⅡ score were respectively(3.40 ng/mL, 88.24%, 38.04%), (20 scores, 94.12%, 81.52%).As the same to evaluating MODS, the AUC of PCT, APACHEⅡ score and APACHEⅡ score+PCT respectively were 0.824, 0.796, 0.871, the assessed value between PCT and APACHEⅡ score, between PCT and APACHEⅡ score+PCT were not significantly different;also the cut-off, sensitivity and specificity of PCT, APACHEⅡ score respectively were(7.26 ng/mL, 88.24%, 63.79%) , (17 scores, 64.71%, 87.93%).The COR and AOR of PCT for the prognosis were respectively 1.008, 1.014, and gender and APACHEⅡ score were the two independent risk factors for the prognosis in patients with sepsis. Conclusions The value of PCT and APACHEⅡ score could evaluate the severity of illness in sepsis patients, and the three were positive correlations. APACHEⅡ score, APACHEⅡ score+PCT had a significantly higher prognostic value than PCT, and PCT could not be a independent marker. But for assessing the MODS in patients with sepsis, the assessed value of PCT, APACHEⅡ score, APACHEⅡ score+PCT were medium. Gender and APACHEⅡ score were the two independent risk factors for the prognosis in patients with sepsis.
Key words: Sepsis     Procalcitonin     Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score     Severity of illness     Prognosis    

尽管目前脓毒症患者的状况已有所改善[1],但伴有器官功能障碍的严重脓毒症病死率仍高居不下,为25%~30%,尤其是脓毒性休克甚至高达40%~50%[2]。降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)作为一种新的炎症指标,目前已被广泛用于脓毒症的诊断[3, 4]、抗菌药物指导[5, 6]及预后评估[7]等研究中。大部分研究显示,PCT是脓毒症的诊断指标之一[8],其在脓毒症诊断中起到一定作用[9, 10],动态监测PCT对指导抗菌药物使用[9, 10, 11]及病情预后评估有帮助。但其具体临床价值仍存有争议[3, 4, 5, 6],且PCT对脓毒症患者病情及预后的研究相对较少。APACHE Ⅱ评分系统[12]虽已普遍用于评估危重症患者的病情和预后[13, 14] ,但因过于复杂而不便于临床使用。因此,本研究旨在进一步探讨PCT对脓毒症患者病情及预后的临床价值,及分析其与APACHE Ⅱ评分的相关性,从而为临床实践提供参考。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

回顾性分析2013年1月1日至2014年12月31日收住本院急诊科(包括普通病房及急诊重症监护室EICU)、感染科的脓毒症患者(年龄≥18岁)。参照2001年美国胸病医师学会和美国危重病学会的华盛顿会议(ACCP/SCCM)提出的脓毒症诊断标准。排除标准:急性外伤、大面积烧伤、大型手术后、急性心梗、长时间呼吸循环衰竭、某些肿瘤(甲状腺癌、小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌)等对PCT有影响的疾病及临床资料不完整、病史不详尽的患者。

共有109例患者符合标准并纳入。其中男64例,女45例,年龄(63.69±15.85)岁,包括肺部感染22例,胃肠道感染18例,泌尿道感染26例,颅内感染4例,下肢皮肤感染4例,混合感染2例(肺部合并颅内感染1例,胃肠道合并泌尿道感染1例),其他感染(包括感染灶不明者)33例。

据患者病情严重程度,将其分为:脓毒血症组(n=32);严重脓毒症组(n=20);脓毒性休克组(n=57)。据患者是否伴有多器官功能障碍综合征分为:非多器官功能障碍综合征组(非MODS组,n=58);多器官功能障碍综合征组(MODS组,n=51)。以患者出院后28 d存活或死亡作为临床研究终点,分为存活组(n=92)及死亡组(n=17)。

1.2 检验指标及分析方法

所有入选患者在入院24 h内抽取外周静脉血,测定PCT、WBC、Neut%水平,其中PCT采用自动电化学发光免疫分析仪Cobas e602测定,测定正常范围0~0.5 ng/mL;WBC、Neut%由自动分析仪检测。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 19.0及MedCalc软件对数据进行统计学处理。计量资料数据先进行正态性检验和方差齐性检验,符合正态分布和方差齐性的数据采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用单因素方差分析及LSD-t法进行比较;不符合正态分布及方差齐性的数据,以M(IQ)表示,采用非参数检验及Mann-Whitney U进行比较。分类计数资料以例数和(或)百分比表示,采用χ2检验。绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线)分析PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及两者联合对脓毒症患者预后及MODS的评估情况;采用Logistic回归分析PCT对预后的独立效应及影响脓毒症患者预后的危险因素。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。PCT与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性分析采用Spearman相关分析。

2 结果

2.1 各观测指标在不同病情严重程度分组中的比较

三组中患者的PCT值、APACHEⅡ评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),脓毒血症组低于严重脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组,严重脓毒症组低于脓毒性休克组;通过Spearman相关分析得出,PCT值与APACHEⅡ评分呈显著正相关(rs=0.403,P<0.01)。脓毒血症组中WBC、Neut%均低于脓毒性休克组(P<0.01)。见表 1

表 1 各观测指标在不同病情严重程度分组中的比较 Table 1 The comparison of the observation markers in different disease severity groups
指标病情严重程度
脓毒血症组(n=32)严重脓毒症(n=20)脓毒性休克(n=57)
年龄(岁)66.03±15.1661.35±19.1263.19±15.09
性别(男/女)18/1414/632/25
既往心血管病史(有/无)16/167/1331/26
APACHEⅡ评分(分)10.250±4.839d14.550±7.163c20.351±8.023a
预后(死亡/存活)0/32c2/1815/42
MODS(是/否)0/32bc5/15ac46/11ab
WBC(×109 L-1)13.982±7.325c17.690±8.72022.510±13.638
Neut%86.950(77.650,91.900)c86.800(73.575,91.875)c94.600(91.800,96.100)
PCT(ng/mL)0.696(0.285,2.825)bc6.095(1.025,46.288)ac53.540(18.985,100.000)ab
注:与脓毒血症组比较,aP<0.01;与严重脓毒症组比较,bP<0.01;与脓毒性休克组比较,cP<0.01;与严重脓毒症组比较,dP<0.05
2.2 各观测指标在不同预后分组中的比较

存活组的年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、男性构成比及MODS构成比均低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而既往有无心血管病史、WBC及Neut%、PCT值在两组中差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 2

表 2 各观测指标在不同预后分组中的比较 Table 2 The comparison of the observation markers in different prognosis groups
指标 预后分组t、χ2zP
存活组(n= 92)死亡组(n= 17)
年龄(岁)62.37±16.3170.82±10.88-2.0510.043
性别(男/女)50/4214/34.6420.031
既往心血管病史(有/无)43/4911/61.8530.173
APACHEⅡ评分(分)13.000(9.250,18.000)26.000(22.000,31.500)-5.217<0.01
MODS(是/否)34/5817/022.906<0.01
WBC(×109 L-1)19.171±11.94618.859±11.397-0.1000.921
Neut%91.800(85.150,94.975)92.100(86.700,94.750)-0.3340.738
PCT(ng/mL)16.860(0.904,56.420)33.810(6.970,97.550)-1.5330.125
2.3 各观测指标在多器官功能障碍综合征分组中的比较

非MODS组的APACHEⅡ评分、WBC、Neut%、PCT值均较MODS组低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。且MODS组预后较非MODS组差(0/58 vs. 17/34,χ2=22.906,P<0.01)。见表 3

表 3 各观测指标在多器官功能障碍综合征分组中的比较 Table 3 The comparison of the observation markers in different groups divided by the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
指标 多器官功能障碍综合征分组t、χ2zP
非MODS组(n= 58)MODS组(n= 51)
年龄(岁)63.85±17.4763.51±13.940.1100.913
性别(男/女)34/2430/210.0000.983
既往心血管病史(有/无)29/2925/260.0100.919
预后(死亡/存活)0/5817/3422.906<0.01
APACHEⅡ评分(分)12.397±5.99420.784±8.386-6.059<0.01
WBC(×109 L-1)16.866±10.00621.688±13.212-2.1630.033
Neut%87.700(79.450,93.200)94.400(91.000,95.900)-4.218<0.01
PCT(ng/mL)2.390(0.346,25.345)56.040(18.160,100.000)-5.833<0.01
2.4 PCT 、APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对患者预后及多器官功能障碍综合征的评估价值

通过绘制PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT三者的ROC曲线评估患者预后(图 1),分析显示PCT较APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对预后的评估价值更低(均P<0.0001),而APACHEⅡ评分与APACHEⅡ评分+PCT间则差异无统计学意义(P=0.1975)(表 4)。PCT、APACHEⅡ评分的预后评估截断值、灵敏度、特异度分别为(3.39 ng/mL,88.24%,38.04%)、(20分,94.12%,81.52%)。

图 1 PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对预后评估的ROC曲线 Fig. 1 The ROC curve of PCT,APACHEⅡ score and APACHEⅡ score +PCT for evaluating the prognosis

表 4 PCT、 APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对预后的评估价值 Table 4 The prognostic value of PCT,APACHEⅡ score and APACHEⅡ score +PCT
指标AUC标准误95%CICut-off灵敏度(%)特异度(%)ZP
PCT0.6170.0670.485~0.7493.39 ng/mL88.2438.044.170a<0.01
APACHEⅡ评分0.8990.0320.837~0.96120分94.1281.524.446b<0.01
APACHEⅡ评分+PCT0.9170.0290.861~0.973---1.289c0.198
注:aPCT与(APACHEⅡ评分+PCT)比较;b PCT与APACHEⅡ评分比较;cAPACHEⅡ评分与(APACHEⅡ评分+PCT)比较

同样的,对脓毒症患者MODS评估价值分析,得出PCT、APACHE Ⅱ评分两者的评估效能差异无统计学意义,但APACHE Ⅱ评分+PCT相较单独APACHE Ⅱ评分的评估价值更佳(P=0.028)(表 5图 2)。且PCT、APACHE Ⅱ评分对MODS评估的截断值、灵敏度、特异度分别为(7.26 ng/mL,88.24%,63.79%)、(17分,64.71%,87.93%)。

表 5 APACHEⅡ评分、PCT及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对多器官功能障碍综合征的评估价值 Table 5 The assessed value of PCT,APACHEⅡ score and APACHEⅡ score +PCT for the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
指标AUC标准误95%CICut-off灵敏度(%)特异度(%)ZP
PCT0.8240.0390.747~0.9007.26 ng/mL88.2463.791.673a0.094
APACHEⅡ评分0.7960.0440.709~0.88317分64.7187.930.499b0.618
APACHEⅡ评分+PCT0.8710.0340.805~0.937---2.192c0.028
注:aPCT与(APACHEⅡ评分+PCT)比较;b PCT与APACHEⅡ评分比较; cAPACHEⅡ评分与(APACHEⅡ评分+PCT)比较

图 2 PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对多器官功能障碍综合征评估的ROC曲线 Fig. 2 The ROC curve of PCT,APACHEⅡ score and APACHEⅡ score +PCT for evaluating the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
2.5 PCT对脓毒症患者预后的独立效应及影响脓毒症患者预后的危险因素分析

通过Logistic回归分析得出PCT对脓毒症患者预后的crude odds ratio(COR)、adjusted odds ratio(AOR)分别为1.008、1.014,其对应的P值下降(0.249 vs.0.062)。 用单因素Logistic回归分析(设定P≤0.1)初步筛选出对脓毒症患者预后可能产生影响的因素;再用多因素Logistic回归分析将初步筛选的指标采用向前LR进行进一步分析 。结果显示性别、APACHEⅡ评分为影响脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。见表 6表 7

表 6 PCT对脓毒症患者预后的独立效应 Table 6 The independent effect of PCT on the prognosis in patients with sepsis
指标CORAOR
OR95%CIP OR95%CIP
PCT1.0080.995~1.0210.2491.0140.999~1.0290.062
注:AOR结果为采用Logistic回归分析控制年龄、性别后所得

表 7 脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素 Table 7 The independent risk factors for the prognosis in patients with sepsis
因素BS.E.WaldPOR95%CI
性别2.6140.9118.2300.00413.655 2.289~81.455
APACHEⅡ评分3.7711.19210.0070.00243.4434.198~449.524
3 讨论

脓毒症的病情是一个动态变化过程,因其临床症状缺乏特异性,而对其早期识别及治疗造成一定的困难,可进一步发展为严重脓毒症、脓毒性休克和MODS,甚至死亡[15]。目前,脓毒症仍是急诊科和重症监护室的常见病种之一,也是危重症患者致死的主要原因[16]。每年约有3 100万脓毒症和2 400万严重脓毒症患者,其中约600万死亡[17]。因此,早期监测评估脓毒症患者的病情,及时采取积极有效的干预具有重大意义。目前APACHEⅡ评分系统是评价危重病患者严重程度的经典参考标准[13, 14],因此其对脓毒症患者的病情评估、疗效及预后判断具有一定的参考价值。

降钙素原(PCT)是降钙素前体,正常情况下成人<0.05 ng/mL[18],至今其生物学作用仍不明。在感染、脓毒症、严重创伤等引起的全身炎症反应综合征的情况下,各种细胞炎症因子使PCT分泌增加,且其升高程度与疾病有良好的相关性[19, 20],低于0.1 ng/mL基本可排除感染可能[18]。自1993年Assicot等[21]初次提出 PCT可作为脓毒症相关性蛋白后,PCT成为研究热点,已被广泛用于脓毒症的相关研究中,但其临床具体价值仍无明确定论,目前不推荐使用[16]

本研究通过回顾性分析109例脓毒症患者临床资料,得出PCT值、APACHEⅡ评分在脓毒血症组、严重脓毒症组、脓毒性休克组三组间均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),均与病情严重程度呈正相关,且PCT值、APACHEⅡ评分两指标间也呈正相关关系(rs=0.403,P<0.01),与研究一致[19, 22]。因此PCT值、APACHEⅡ评分均可作为脓毒症患者病情严重程度判断的参考指标,而WBC、Neut%则不能反映其病情严重程度。非MODS组中APACHEⅡ评分、WBC、Neut%、PCT值均低于MODS组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。由此可知APACHEⅡ评分、WBC、Neut%、PCT值均可在一定程度上反映脓毒症患者MODS情况。

王胜云和陈德昌[23]对201例ICU内的脓毒症患者进行回顾性分析得出,与CRP相比较,PCT与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分相关性更强,并能更好地在一定程度上反映脓毒症患者病情及预后。而本研究显示,死亡组较存活组中患者的年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、MODS构成比及男性构成比均显著升高(P<0.05),但这两组间WBC、Neut%及PCT值均差异无统计学意义,因此PCT值并不能反映患者预后情况,这与上述研究结果不同。

本研究通过ROC曲线评估PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对脓毒症患者的预后价值,得出三者的AUC分别为0.617、0.899、0.917,提示APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对脓毒症预后评估效能好,而PCT对脓毒症预后评估的效能较低。且PCT较APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT的评估效能低(均P<0.01),而APACHEⅡ评分与APACHEⅡ评分+PCT间的评估效能差异无统计学意义(P=0.198)。PCT、APACHEⅡ评分对脓毒症患者预后评估的截断值、灵敏度、特异度分别为(3.39 ng/mL,88.24%,38.04%)、(20分,94.12%,81.52%)。

同样,分析对脓毒症患者MODS的评估价值,显示PCT、APACHEⅡ评分及APACHEⅡ评分+PCT的AUC分别为0.824、0.796、0.871,提示PCT、APACHEⅡ评分对脓毒症患者MODS的评估价值中等,且两者之间差异无统计学意义。但APACHEⅡ评分+PCT较单独APACHEⅡ评分的评估效能更佳(P=0.028)。PCT、APACHEⅡ评分对脓毒症患者MODS评估的截断值、灵敏度、特异度分别为(7.26 ng/mL,88.24%,63.79%)、(17分,64.71%,87.93%)。

由此可得出APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT对脓毒症患者预后评估效能较PCT更佳,而PCT评估效能低,不能作为单独的预后评估指标,需结合患者临床实际情况及其他实验室指标;PCT对脓毒症患者MODS的评估效能较好,并与APACHEⅡ评分、APACHEⅡ评分+PCT间差异无统计学意义,故可在一定程度上反映患者MODS情况。

Logistic回归分析显示性别、APACHEⅡ评分为脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素。本研究中男性患者预后更不佳,且脓毒症发病率高于女性患者,这一结论与Kisat等[24]报道相符。这可能与雌激素中雌二醇通过抑制机体的炎症反应,减轻免疫抑制等;雄激素中的睾酮可能增加脓毒症和MODS发生率,引起不良预后有关[25],同时在控制年龄、性别后PCT的独立效应无明显改变,但其P值明显下降,提示PCT研究应考虑混杂因素影响。

综上所述,PCT、APACHEⅡ评分对脓毒症患者病情严重程度呈正相关,且两指标间也呈正相关关系。APACHEⅡ评分较PCT能更好地评估患者预后,且PCT不能作为独立的评估指标,需结合患者临床实际及其他指标。PCT、APACHEⅡ评分在对患者MODS评估效能间差异无统计学意义,效能均中等。性别和APACHEⅡ评分为脓毒症患者预后的独立危险因素,男性患者发病率及病死率更高。由于本研究为回顾性研究,PCT受混杂因素影响,且其测定时间点不同并无动态监测(虽均为入院24 h内首次测定),故可能对研究结果造成偏倚。尽管赵松等[26]指出动态监测PCT有利于评估脓毒症患者预后,但PCT对脓毒症病情及预后的临床价值仍需进一步研究来证实。

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