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血液和肿瘤病

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血凝块形成和飞行旅游—你有危险吗?
原作者: Jon Mark Hirshon,葛赟 发布日期:2015-01-28

Title: Blood Clots and Plane Travel- Are You at Risk?
题目:血凝块形成和飞行旅游—你有危险吗?
Author 作者: Jon Mark Hirshon
翻译:葛赟 校对:肖锋

 

While sitting on an international flight, ever wonder what your risks are for a blood clot?
当你坐在国际航班上,你是否想过你体内形成血凝块的风险?


General Background 一般背景:
It is estimated that the risk for a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is 3-12% on a long-haul flight. However, the real incidence is difficult to evaluate, due in part to the lack of consensus about 1) diagnostic tests, and 2) the appropriate time frame to relate a venous thromboembolic event (VTE) to travel.
长途飞行的深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的风险约是3-12%。但是,真正的发生率是很难评估的,部分原因是在下面几个方面缺少共识:1)诊断性试验,2)静脉血栓形成(VTE)与旅行的大概时间关系。

Risks Factors for VTEs on long-haul flights:
长时间飞行导致VTE的危险因素:
•General概述:
stasis: prolonged sitting & crowded conditions
血液瘀滞:久坐和拥挤的情况下
relative hypoxia
相对缺氧
dehydration
脱水
 Patient specific 患者方面:
Age >40
年龄>40岁
Female gender
女性
Use of estrogen-containing contraceptives/hormone replacement therapy
使用含雌激素的避孕药或激素替代治疗
Obesity
肥胖
Varicose veins in the legs
腿部静脉曲张
Family/personal history of prior VTEs
有VTE的家族史或既往史
Active cancer/recent cancer treatment
癌症活动期或最近的癌症治疗

Bottom Line 要点:
•Even healthy individuals are at risk on long-haul (>8 hour) flights.
•即使长时间(>8 h)飞行的健康人
•The risk increases the longer the flight
•航班时间越长,血栓风险越高
•Current data does not appear to show a risk difference between economy and business class.
•目前数据尚未表明在经济舱和商务舱之间风险的差异
•Avoid dehydration and immobility
•避免脱水和长期不活动
◦Exercise your legs/calf muscles
◦活动你的腿部和腓肠肌
◦Drink plenty of fluid
◦多饮水

References 参考文献:
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/travel.html
 
Gavish I, Brenner B.  Air travel and the risk of thromboembolism.  Intern Emerg Med 2011 Apr;6(2):113-116.