小儿肺炎
原作者： Rose Chasm；郑辛甜翻译，肖锋校 文章来源： 《中华急诊医学杂志》编辑部 发布日期：2015-01-05

Title: Pediatric Pneumonia
题目：小儿肺炎
Author 作者: Rose Chasm
翻译：郑辛甜 校对：肖锋

•For uncomplicted community acquired pneumonia which is treated as an outpatient, high dose amoxicillin (80-90mg/kg/day) is the first-line antibiotic of choice.
•对于门诊单纯的社区获得性肺炎患者的治疗，大剂量阿莫西林（80~90 mg/kg·d）是首选的一线抗生素。
•Macrolides and third-generation cephalosporins are acceptable alternatives, but are not as effective due to pneumococcal resistance and lower systemic absorption, respectivley.
•大环内酯类和第三代头孢菌素是可接受的替代药物，但是分别由于肺炎球菌的耐药性和较低的系统吸收率不如阿莫西林有效。
•Hospitalization should be strongly considered for children younger than 2 months or premature due to an increased risk for apnea.
•对2个月以内的婴儿或早产儿由于可能增加窒息的风险强烈推荐住院治疗。
•Patients hospitalized only for pneumonia, should be treated with ampicillin while those who are septic should be treated with a combination of vancomycin along with a second- or third- generation cephalosporin.
•只因肺炎住院的患儿应该接受氨苄青霉素治疗，而因脓毒症住院的患儿应接受万古霉素联合二代或三代头孢菌素治疗。

References 参考文献：
Bennett NJ, et al. Pediatric Pneumonia Treatment and Management. Medscape. April 2014.
AAP. Management of Communty-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older than 3 Months of Age. Pediatrics. Vol 128 No 6 December 1, 2011.