将烯丙羟吗啡酮开给第三方
翻译：陈都 校对：肖锋
Title: Prescribing naloxone to third parties
题目：将烯丙羟吗啡酮开给第三方
Author 作者: Ellen Lemkin

Naloxone has technically always been able to be prescribed by physicians to individual patients.
 
医生通常将烯丙羟吗啡酮开给患者个人。

New laws however, make it acceptable for prescribers in many states to prescribe naloxone to “third parties,” e.g parents, friends, etc. of patients, with the assumption that the overdosed patient will not be capable of administering the antidote to themselves.
然而，许多州新的法律允许医生将烯丙羟吗啡酮开给第三方，比如患者的父母、朋友等，通常这些患者在药物过量时没有能力使用解毒剂。

Many states are offering short 10-20 minute training sessions on how bystanders can administer the reversal agent to the patient who has overdosed.
许多州都提供10-20分钟的培训课程指导身旁人如何给药物过量的病人使用解毒剂。

If prescribed, it should be prescribed to the individual who completed the training, not the intended patient, and may be written for intranasal or intramuscular administration.
药物只开给完成培训的人，而不是病人，给药途径可为鼻腔或肌肉。

Intranasal (IN) is “off label” and an approved intranasal preparation is not commercially available, but the intramuscular preparation can be prescribed along with an atomizer device. The usual IN dose is 1 mg per nostril which may be repeated in 3-5 minutes.
鼻内给药(IN)途径是药品说明书以外的用法，其剂型还没有商品化，只能在在肌肉途径剂型时给一个雾化装置。IN给药的剂量通常是每鼻孔1mg，可以在3－5分钟内重复使用。

References 参考文献
https://www.networkforphl.org/_asset/qz5pvn/network-naloxone-10-4.pdf (Contains each law per state as of March 15, 2014)
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/02/20/stateline-drug-overdose-deaths/5637519/
Intranasal Naloxone for Treatment of Opioid Overdose. The Medical Letter. Volume 56 (Issue 1438). March 17, 2014